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Climate Change / Research



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Microorganisms That Convert Hydrocarbons To Natural Gas Isolated
ScienceDaily | Earth and Climate news 20 08 2008 When a group of University of Oklahoma researchers began studying the environmental fate of spilt petroleum, a problem that has plagued the energy industry for decades, they did not expect to eventually isolate a community of microorganisms capable of converting hydrocarbons into natural gas.

Arsenic Exposure Could Increase Diabetes Risk
ScienceDaily | Earth and Climate news 20 08 2008 Inorganic arsenic, commonly found in ground water in certain areas, may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a new study.

Pesticide Build-up Could Lead To Poor Honey Bee Health
ScienceDaily | Earth and Climate news 20 08 2008 Honey bees industriously bring pollen and nectar to the hive, but along with the bounty comes a wide variety of pesticides, according to Penn State researchers. Add the outside assault to the pesticides already in the waxy structure of the hive, and bee researchers see a problem difficult to evaluate and correct. However, an innovative approach may mitigate at least some beeswax contamination.

The livestockclimatepoverty nexus. A discussion paper on ILRI research in relation to climate change.
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous Thornton, P. K.; Steeg, J. van de; Notenbaert, A.; Herrero, M. 2008 Discussion Paper No. 11, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya, 76 pp. Climate change will have severe impacts in many parts of the tropics and subtropics. Despitethe importance of livestock to poor people and the magnitude of the changes that are likely tobefall livestock systems, the intersection of climate change and livestock is a relatively neglectedresearch area. Little is known about the interactions of climate and increasing climate variability with other drivers of change in livestock systems and in broader development trends. Evidence is being assembled that the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of household responses may be very large. While opportunities may exist for some households to take advantage of moreconducive rangeland and cropping conditions, for example, the changes projected will pose veryserious problems for many other households. Furthermore, ruminant livestock themselves haveimportant impacts on climate, through the emission of methane and through the land-use change that may be brought about by livestock keepers. Given that climate change is now being seen as a key development challenge, and that a verylarge global community is already working on climate-change-related issues, the CGIAR ingeneral, and ILRI in particular, need to consider carefully how the research agenda might beadjusted to respond. While the global environmental change community is very large, ILRI as a small institute can still contribute effectively to the climate change/development debate by focusing on a few key niches, through alliances with carefully chosen collaborators. Thisdiscussion paper is an attempt to assemble and summarise relevant information concerningclimate change, livestock and development, and to identify what these key niches might be. The report briefly summarises what is known about climate change and its effects on agroecosystems, and summarises the current limits to prediction. It reviews the literature on climate change impacts on livestock and livestock impacts on climate, and thus sets out to answer thequestion, what do we know? Knowledge and data gaps are then identified, and a synthesispresented in relation to our clients and stakeholders and to alternative providers of knowledge and information. The paper ends by looking at the questions, what do we not know, and what should we do about it, with a discussion of recommendations for ILRI activities in the area, and the strategic alliances needed, some of which already exist.

DFID seeks research fellows to design and execute research programmes
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Notification of forthcoming appointment opportunities at the Department for International Development (DFID) for senior research fellows

African Climate Change Fellowship Program - Call for applications
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Researchers, scientists, academics and others working in fields related to climate change and climate change adaptation are invited to submit applications for the African Climate Change Fellowship Program

SAGARMATHA - Snow and Glacier aspects of Water Resources Management in the Himalayas. Final Technical Report: Volume 2. An assessment of the impacts of deglaciation on the water resources of the Himalaya
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous Rees, G.; Collins, D. 2004 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK., 92 pp. While deglaciation is considered to be a world-wide problem, there is particular concern at the alarming rate of retreat of Himalayan glaciers. Some experts have speculated that the glaciers of the region will disappear within the next 40 years, resulting in widespread, catastrophic water shortages. In March 2001, the United Kingdoms Department for International Development (DFID) commissioned a project called SAGARMATHA (Snow and Glacier Aspects of water ResourcesManagement in The Himalaya), 'to assess the seasonal and long-term water resources in snow and glacier fed rivers originating in the Hindu Kush - Himalayan region and to determine strategies for coping with the impacts of climate-change induced deglaciation on the livelihoods of people in the region.' Volume 2 of the technical report provides a brief outline of the model developed within the project and presents an analysis of the results from running the model with a variety of climate change scenarios.

RIU Newsletter Issue 3.
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous RIU 2008 14 pp. This issue contains the following articles:

Building information service markets in Sierra Leone
RIU at the Inter-Donor Agency on Livestock for Developmentannual meeting
RIU uses case studies to better evaluate the pro-poorimpact of projects
Tanzania update
New publications available
Presenting RIUs approach to monitoring at aninternational workshop
Advancing agriculture in developing countries throughknowledge and innovation
New RIU team in Malawi
Salzburg Global Seminar
Challenge Fund for Asia: workshop kick-starts action
Grant news: Challenge funds up for grabs in Africa
Upcoming meetings

Living with Environmental Change
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 A new director has been appointed to manage the Living With Environmental Change programme (LWEC), the partnership of research, business and policy-making organisations which is examining ways for society and individual people to adapt to the environmental changes that we face

African Scientists fund for research on global environment change
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Scientists in Africa who intend to conduct research on global environmental change can apply for small grants from the US START grants programme

Working Paper R27. Demographics and Climate Change: Future Trends And their Policy Implications for Migration.
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous R. Black, D. Kniveton,R. Skeldon, D. Coppard,A. Murata and K. Schmidt-Verkerk 2008 WP-T27, Sussex, UK, DRC on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, 83 pp. This working paper seeks to explore the potential impact of future demographicand climate change on migration patterns in developing countries, in order to identify policy implicationsfor international development and evidence gaps that could be plugged with appropriate new research. After a brief review of definitions and terms, it reviews both the pattern of anticipated demographicchange to 2050, and likely climate change trends and impacts over the same timescale, before going onto explore ways in which demographic and climate change might combine to influence future migrationpatterns. Four case study analyses complement this working paper, focusing on national trends in fourdeveloping countries Bangladesh, Ghana, Ethiopia and Sudan. A final section then seeks to draw outthe implications of such patterns for international development policy.

Measuring the carbon footprint of South African fruit and wine
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Research into the carbon footprint of South African fruit and wine exports could challenge the idea that exported products from the developing world have a bigger environmental cost

Ecosystem dynamics under climate change
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous Sebastia, T. 0 Technology and Forestry Centre of Catalonia, University of Lleida, 17 pp. This is a PowerPoint presentation.

What does Gender Mainstreaming really mean?
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 The DFID-funded Siyanda website highlights resources on gender mainstreaming in research

Southern Africa: A selection of news and information from DFIDs Central Research Department
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous CIMRC 2008 A selection of news, projects, and other stories about DFID-funded research in Southern Africa from the R4D portal www.research4development.info

Boost for African science
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 African science has received a boost with the announcement of a £3.3 million partnership between the Leverhulme Trust and the Royal Society to fund collaborations between scientists in Ghana, Tanzania and the UK

Research Into Use: African Innovation Challenge Fund
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 The second Research Into Use (RIU) call for proposals is for the African Innovation Challenge Fund

Adaptation is...Protecting coastal communities in northern Morocco
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous 2008 International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada, 4 pp. This is one of a series of brief project profiles which provide insights into the kinds of challenges Africans face in adapting to climate change, and the strategies they are testing with research supported by the CCAA program. The profiles are based on interviews with CCAA staff and research team members, local officials, and community members involved in or affected by the research. Moroccos rural north east coast is increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change sea level rise, storm surges, and coastal flooding. An international research team led by Moroccos École nationale forestière dingénieurs is working in two neighbouring provinces to integrate a better understanding of climate change impacts within development plans and land use guidelines to meet the regions many competing needs.

Adaptation Africa, June 2008
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous 2008 5 pp. (In English and French) This issue of the news and events bulletin from the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa (CCAA) program covers CCAA program news, Events, Calls for papers and proposals, Project news, and New resources.

International Conference on Natural Resource Management, Climate Change and Economic Development in Africa
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) 20th Anniversary Conference on Natural Resource Management, Climate Change and Economic Development in Africa. A call for papers

Climate change threatens human rights
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Climate change policies ignore likely impacts on human rights according to a new report published by the International Council on Human Rights Policy

Climate variability and climate change: implications for chronic poverty.
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous L. Scott 2008 CPRC Working Paper No. 108, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, London, UK, ISBN: 978-1-906433-07-9, 34 pp. This paper follows the principles of the bottom-up approach to adaptation. It believes that one of the starting points for adaptation to climate change should be the present. The focusshould not just be on scenarios of the future; combined with this should be analysis of present vulnerability in the face of current climate variability. Adaptation does not have to start from scratch; people have been coping with climate variability and extremes for centuries and continue to cope with it now. At the same time, though, it acknowledges that future climate changes will probably be beyond the current capacities of the poor to adapt to successfully. This is one reason why climate change requires special consideration within the development agenda.The focus of the paper is on India. It looks at projections of climate change under different climate models and at how these changes will alter Indias vulnerability to the climate. In particular it notes that it is not necessarily those poorest states which are the most vulnerable to future projected changes. The paper then focuses on the current coping strategies for climate variability by the chronically poor and highlights some of the barriers to and opportunities for successful adaptation. Potential responses include livelihood diversification through migration; employment generated by the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and the potential to expand the area of land under irrigation. These are discussed in greater detail.

DFID Research strategy 2008-2013, implementation timetable
R4D | Climate change 20 08 2008 Miscellaneous DFID 2008 13 pp. This implementation timetable gives external stakeholders information about the likely content and timing of future research competitions and calls for proposals. It covers the research that DFID manages directly and also shows where new funding to joint and multilateral research programmes for instance, to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research or one of the UK research councils is likely to result in research funding opportunities that research suppliers can pursue directly. In addition, the timetable shows when DFID is likely to develop (i.e. scope) detailed research specifications. This activity has been included because it may generate requirements for external consultancy support, which DFID would advertise (the main determinant being the amount of funding involved). Note that research which is scoped in a particular area will not necessarily result in a discrete research programme on this topic: DFID may choose instead to bring together research questions on related topics and address the links and inter-dependences among them. The implementation timetable addresses new research initiatives developed in line with the strategy; so does not capture details of DFIDs on-going research programmes, where contracts or memoranda of understanding are already in place. Details of these on-going programmes are available on the DFID website and on DFIDs research portal Research4Development. During the course of 2008/9 DFID will also develop its research management arrangements in line with the new strategy, in particular by devising processes for research synthesis, by enhancing research delivery mechanisms and embedding a new framework for monitoring and evaluation. This timetable covers the current financial year and the next (i.e. April 2008 to March 2009 and April 2009 to March 2010). For 2008/9, it indicates the quarter (i.e. three month period) in which activities are scheduled to take place. The timetable will be updated periodically, usually every quarter. It is not a detailed work plan and entries may be subject to change. The timetable is structured around the 6 research themes:

Growth
Sustainable agriculture
Climate change
Health
Governance in challenging environments
Future challenges and opportunities

Can Biofuels Be Sustainable?
ScienceDaily | Earth and Climate news 20 08 2008 With oil prices skyrocketing, the search is on for efficient and sustainable biofuels. Research published this month in Agronomy Journal examines one biofuel crop contender: corn stover. Corn stover is made up of the leaves and stalks of corn plants that are left in the field after harvesting the edible corn grain. Corn stover could supply as much as 25 percent of the biofuel crop needed by 2030.

Greenland Ice Core Reveals History Of Pollution In The Arctic
ScienceDaily | Earth and Climate news 20 08 2008 New research, reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, finds that coal burning, primarily in North America and Europe, contaminated the Arctic and potentially affected human health and ecosystems in and around Earth's polar regions.

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