| Scientists in the US and Germany have found the two largest prime
numbers ever calculated in a discovery which could dramatically increase
the effectiveness of cryptographic systems. The two numbers were
discovered within a fortnight of each other by the Great Internet
Mersenne Prime Search project, which has spent 12 years on the task.
The largest prime number, which has a whopping 12,978,189 digits, was
discovered by a team from UCLA. The second, discovered by a computer
user in Germany, has 11,185,272 digits. The search for large prime
numbers (those which can only be divided by themselves or one) was
sponsored by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) as part of an
effort to build a near-unbreakable encryption system.
The UCLA team will receive a USD 100,000 prize from the EFF for breaking
the 10,000,000 digit record. Further prizes are available, including USD
150,000 for the first 100,000,000 digit prime and USD 250,000 for the
first 1,000,000,000 digit number.
Prime numbers are fundamental to cryptography systems, which take a
large part of their strength from the difficulty in factoring primes.
The larger the prime the more secure the encryption. |